第84页(第1页)
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们认为,85卷说较为可靠,不过&1dquo;百篇”之数既不是《论篇》的篇数,也不是王充
所有著作的总和。王充在《扶文篇》中直接言及《论衡》篇数时只说&1dquo;《论衡》篇
以十数”,不言以百数(刘盼遂先生说&1dquo;十”为&1dquo;百”字之误,缺乏版本依据),
足见《论衡》本身不出百。其次,后世史家作传,著录《论衡》,都一致作85篇,
并无百篇之说,自谢承《后汉书》(《艺文类聚》卷58,《初学记》卷24),范晔
《后汉书》,葛噗《抱朴子》(《喻蔽篇》)及《事文类聚》别集二所引佚文)和
《隋书·经籍志》以下,莫不皆然。其中谢承是三国魏人,距王充之卒仅百余年,
所记具有较强的可靠性。其次,王充《自纪篇》所称&1dquo;吾书亦才出百”,是就世人
指责充&1dquo;所作书”篇繁文重而作的答辩,显然只指其晚年所著《论衡》、《养性》
二书而言,范晔《后汉书》一则日&1dquo;充闭门潜思&he11ip;&he11ip;著《论衡》85篇,2o余万言。”
一则说:&1dquo;年渐7o,志力衰耗,乃造《养性书》16篇。”85加16,为1o1篇,正合
&1dquo;出百”之数。既然王充晚著书总共才&1dquo;出百”,那么《论衡》一部就不可能独
有百篇之多了。《论衡》、”《养性》为充晚近定本,可能最初即合订行世,后来
《养性》之书佚,而《论衡》独传。《北堂书钞》卷98引《抱朴子》遗文曾有这样
一则记载:
王充所著《论衡》,北方都未有得之者,蔡伯喈(邕)尝到江东得之,叹其文
高,度越诸子。及还中国(中原),诸儒觉其谈论更远,嫌(怀疑)得异书。或搜
其隐处,果得《论衡》。提取数卷持去。伯喈曰:&1dquo;惟吾与汝共之,弗广也。”
其人所&1dquo;捉取”之数卷,可能就是《养性》之书16篇,后渐散佚,因而《论衡》
得传(仅缺一篇),《养性书》却不可得而见了。
八、崇儒尊孔
如前所说,世人颇以王充问孔,刺孟、讥讽俗儒,而怀疑王充的儒者身份。其
实,就王充的整个思想特色和感情特征看来,他仍然是一位儒者,只不过不是经师
罢了。从王充《论衡》中,随处可见他崇儒尊孔的思想。
王充出身于孤门细族,苦学成才,对与他有相似经历的孔子推崇有加。《本性
篇》:&1dquo;孔子,道德之祖,诸子之中最卓者也!”认为孔子是道德最高尚的人物,
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