第十四章 诗论上(第3页)
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“‘君子喻于义,小人喻于利’;有子曰‘信近于义,言可复也’;子曰:‘君子之于天下也,无适也,无莫也,义之与比’;‘饭疏食,饮水,曲肱而枕之,乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵,于我如浮云’。侠之大者,为国为民,义之大者,为国长远之计。君子‘义以为上’、‘见危致命’,忘乎生死,舍身而取义。”
“君子不知礼,无以立,敢问妹妹,何以为‘礼’?”
“《说文》曰:‘礼,履也。所以事神致福也’,‘冠、昏、丧、祭、乡、相见’,先人脩此六礼以节民性。子曰:‘君子博学于文,约之以礼,亦可以弗畔矣’;孔鲤退而学礼,君为政,‘道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格’。”
“知者不惑,敢问妹妹,何以为‘知’?”
“樊迟问知,子曰:‘知人’。樊迟未达,子曰:‘举直错诸枉,能使枉者直’;‘知者乐水,仁者乐山;知者动,仁者静;知者乐,仁者寿’;‘务民之义,敬鬼神而远之,可谓知矣’。”
“子以四教:文、行、忠、信,敢问妹妹,何以为信?”
“人言寡信,譬如大车无輗,大车无輗。为人谋应忠,与朋友交应信。子夏曰:‘君子信而后劳其民,未信,则以为厉己也;信而后谏;未信,则以为谤己也’。轻诺必寡信,‘先行其言而后从之’——此所谓正人君子。”
五问五答下来,通畅流利,殿内已是掌声雷动。我自以为成竹在胸,拿下局胜利不在话下,却听何晏振袖问曰:
“孟懿子问孝,子曰‘无违’,敢问崔妹妹,何以为孝?”
孝?我在这个世界早已无怙恃,背《论语》时也未加注意,如今问起“孝”字,还真不知孔子口中的“孝”为何物。然而一提起孝,我又浑身直打寒噤,心神不知不觉便飘到了九霄云外……
若是寻常人家子女,定知孝字当道,如利刃悬梁,是必朝夕克勤罢?可我呢?
何晏瞅准我出神的间隙,连连冷笑讥讽:“好妹妹,纵你是个人才,仁义礼智信答得头头是道,独独忘了‘孝’——原竟是满口的仁义道德,不知百善孝为先。”
被何晏一激,我终于回过神来,在众人注目下,情不甘心不愿地说出几句:“子曰:‘父没,三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣’;闵子骞不间于其父母昆弟之间,是为孝,孔子……”
“孔子什么?”何晏步步追问。
我犹豫着:“孔子……孔子苦寻父叔梁纥之坟,葬母是孝……”
“孔子葬母?”何晏哂笑,“以今观之,妹妹也算熟读《诗经》,怎地连此典存伪也不知?”
什么?孔子葬母不是家喻户晓的典故么?
我怔在原地,将目光投向曹丕曹植二人,可他们显然也并不否认何晏的说法,一时间我慌了神,不知自己在前世所记的“历史”有多少真多少假。
何晏见我窘态,只管笑:“崔妹妹,这才第六问呢,你便要支架不住了么?唉呀,子曰‘巧言令色,鲜矣仁’,这子又曰‘无友不如己者’,看来,今后是无缘与饱读诗书的崔妹妹做这同窗之友了呢!”
我顺着何晏的话,强作镇定:“兄长引用此言不妥。”
“如何不妥?”
“孔子是说过‘无友不如己者’这句话,可在《子张》章中,当子夏提出‘可者与之,其不可者拒之’的观点时,子张却反驳道‘异乎吾所闻:君子尊贤而容众,嘉善而矜不能。我之大贤与,于人何所不容?我之不贤与,人将拒我,如之何其拒人也’。由是可见,《论语》中关于交友之道自有矛盾。丈夫处世,何必拘束小节,今日我不过是这六问答得磕绊了些,兄长便要与我划清界限,莫不是要做当世腐儒不成?”
话毕,众人皆笑,何晏气得呼呼,仍旧斜着眼睛看人:
“妹妹不用转移话题,你于儒学造诣不深,早是无可辩驳的事实,‘利口可覆邦家’今日我便在众人面前揭穿你的面目!”
“兄长又错了!”我越说越自信,“利口可覆邦家,亦可造邦家。战国策士苏秦张仪可谓利口,然在齐梁间以辩术著称的孟轲、持节游说诸侯间的6贾、上疏政论以济时弊的晁错、贾谊,可尽是利口覆邦家之徒?伶牙俐齿不受世人待见,只因某些轻浮之人‘言远而情近,好辩而无诚’,所谓利口覆邦国之人也。”
一番话及时堵住了何晏的嘴,曹家公子小姐们齐声叫好,显然已认可我赢下这第五问答。
何晏环顾无对,生出一计。
“好,这第五问便算妹妹勉强过了,接下来第六问,我也要稍作变通了,妹妹心下可要做好准备呢?”
听他这语气似已不敢小觑我的积累,最后一问,他定然会用尽所学来为难,窗外春雷声声,我藏在袖中的手不自觉地捏出一把汗。
只见何晏来回踱步,摇头晃脑,念经似的开始出题:
“‘赤之适齐也,乘肥马,衣轻裘’,大丈夫生当于世,固当步玉阶,登高堂,奉命持节,肥马轻裘,光耀道路。此所谓圣人之‘同名教于自然’,妹妹可赞同否?”
玄学在这个时候已经萌芽,我确是始料未及的。
我愣住原地,心想这算什么问题?以儒释道?不不,以道释儒?可对于老庄,我尚且停留在前世中学文言文积累层面,这让我如何与何晏“清谈”玄学啊?一开始界定《论语》为出题范畴,我正是怕被何晏问及知识盲区,这下该如何是好?
见我又哑然无声,何晏露出了得意的笑,却听台下有人反驳道:
“圣人何时说过这样的话?你是要用《淮南子》诓人么?”
我抬头望去,只见曹植扶案而起,大摇大摆走了近前来。
“局焦灼,竟也牵扯进儒道二家,何晏,你既要谈道家,我便要同你辩上一辩,‘大道之行也,天下为公’,老子都说‘朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚;服文彩,带利剑,厌饮食,财货有馀;是谓盗夸。非道也哉’,区区肥马轻裘怎是丈夫处世必需?呵,以天下之公成己之私,又有何羡乎?依我看,你还是换个题目的好!”
众公子掌声不断,立刻倒向曹植这边,听到曹植用老庄思想,替我出头反击,我心中若有所动。
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