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乃是一个贯穿始终的基本精神。
基于融合、会通中西的精神,贺氏提出了自己展儒家哲学的基本思想。他
认为:&1dquo;儒家思想的开展,不是建筑在排斥西洋文化上面,而乃建筑在彻底把握
西洋文化上面”,&1dquo;欲求儒家思想的开展,在于融会吸收西洋文化的精华与长处”。
(《文化与人生》)具体地说,就是&1dquo;从哲学、宗教、艺术各方面以挥儒家思想,
使儒家精神中包含有科学精神,使儒家思想足以培植、孕育科学思想,而不致与科
学思想混淆不清。”(同上)这里所谓从哲学、宗教、艺术等方面挥儒家思想,
也就是吸收西方哲学、基督教和艺术思想之精华,来解释、挥、充实和改造儒家
之理学、礼教和诗教。因为在贺看来,儒家思想之主要内容,不外乎三个方面;一
是格物穷理,寻求智慧之理学;二是磨炼意志、规范行为之礼教;三是陶养性灵,
美化生活之诗教。因此,如要谋求&1dquo;儒家思想的开展”,可通过以下三条途径来
实现:
一是&1dquo;以西洋之哲学挥儒家之理学”,使儒学哲学化。贺认为,以苏格拉底、
柏拉图、康德、黑格尔等为&1dquo;正宗”的西方哲学同以孔子、孟子、程朱、6王为
&1dquo;正宗”的中国哲学,都具有共同的唯心主义实质,即他所谓&1dquo;东圣西圣,心同理
同”。因此,&1dquo;儒家思想能够把握、吸收、融会、转化西洋文化,以充实自身,
展自身,则儒家思想便生存、复活,而有开展”(《文化与人生》)。当然,融
会、贯通的原则,应当是&1dquo;以儒家精神为体,以西洋文化为用”,即以儒家思想或
民族精神为主体,去儒化西洋文化;融会之途径,既可通过在儒学的范畴中注入西
方唯心主义的内容,如他用黑格尔主义&1dquo;心即绝对”的观点去解释&1dquo;仁”,试图
建立&1dquo;仁”的宇宙观和本体论,亦可通过用西方哲学的思想方法来论证儒家哲学的
典型命题。如他以黑格尔主义的整体思维方法来论证儒家&1dquo;心外无物”的命题。
而中西哲学融会、贯通的结果,将是&1dquo;使儒家的哲学内容更为丰富、系统,更为严
谨,条理更为清楚,不仅可作道德之理论基础,且可奠立科学可能之理论基础”。
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