第94页（第2页）
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一家之言。所以，师法是追溯渊源的，家法是对师说的引伸与展。如此&1dquo;疏不破
注”，叠床架屋，致使一经就有数家，一家又有若干说，各讲各的一套，谬误百出，
使后学者不知所从。繁琐、支离、教条，成了经学的突出弊病。
郑玄起初从第五元先学习《京氏易》、《公羊春秋》，是属于今文经学派的。
后来他又跟张恭祖学习《周官》、《左氏春秋》、《古文尚书》，这是属于古文经
学派的。可见他并不专守一师之说，尊一家之言，而是博学多师，兼收并蓄。他在
马融门下受业多年，而马融乃是古文经学大师，总的看，他是倾向于古文经学一边
的。但是，郑玄并不遵守当时经学中师法、家法那一套，他以自己渊博的学识遍注
古文经，注中并不专用古文经学家的释义，同时也采用了许多个文经学家的解释。
即以古文为主，兼采今文，择善而从。
在受禁锢的14年中，郑玄遍注群经。郑注出现以后，原来各守门户的今文经学
与古文经学，便逐渐不再为人们所信了。他在当时不仅集古文经学之大成，而且使
古文今文融为一炉，独创了一个的学派——郑学。人们转而崇尚郑学，使之逐渐
成为&1dquo;天下所宗”的儒学。例如，郑玄所注的古文经学费氏《易》流行，而今文经
的施、孟、梁邱三家《易》便废止了；郑注《古文尚书》流传，而今文经的欧阳、
大小夏侯三家《尚书》便散失了；郑玄笺注了古文经的《毛诗》，而今文经的齐、
鲁、韩三家的《诗》也就不显了。郑学的出现，使经学的展产生了重要的变化，
它使经学进入了一个&1dquo;统一时代”（皮锡瑞语，见《经学历史》）。
本期还有一件事值得一提。当时有位著名的今文经学大师名叫何体，他用17年
的时间写成了《公羊春秋解诂》一书，对《公羊》一书的内容多所明。从他的
《公羊墨守》、《左氏膏盲》、《谷梁废疾》三文中可见，他认为《春秋》三传中
只有《公羊》义理深远，象墨子的城防一样无懈可击。而《左氏》与《谷梁》二传
则存在严重的缺点，根本不值得研究。郑玄乃针对他的观点，著《墨守》、《针
膏肓》、《起废疾》以驳斥之。他认为三传各有其优缺点，《公羊》并非十全十美。
何体读了郑玄的文章，也带着叹服的口气说：&1dquo;康成入吾室，操吾矛，以伐我乎！”
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