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德在人先利居人后(第1页)

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德在人先,利居人后

生活中人的品质修省是从实际的利益中体现和磨炼出来的。范仲淹说“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”,这是一种传统的优良的人生态度。现在提倡“吃苦在前,享乐在后”,表现的同样是“德在人先,利居人后”的境界。

曾经在“苛政猛于虎”、百姓不堪重负的元代,董文炳在县令任上,敢于为民获罪,设法隐实不报实际户数,使百姓大为减少朝廷加的赋敛的负担。后又拒绝府臣的贪得无厌,最终居然以“理终不能剥民求利”的情怀,弃官而去。董文炳出任县令,逢朝廷开始普查百姓的户数,以便按户数征收税赋,并且下令敢于隐瞒实际户数的,都要处以死刑,没收家财。董文炳看到百姓的税赋太重,要百姓聚居一一起,以减少户数,众官吏都反对此举,董文炳说:“为百姓犯法而获罪,我心甘情愿。”百姓中也有人不太愿意这样做,董文炳说:“他们以后会知道我要他们这样做的好处;会感谢我而不会怪罪我的。”

由此,赋敛大为减少,百姓都因而很富足。董文炳的声誉波及四周,旁县的人有诉讼不能得到公正判决的,都来请董文炳裁决。董文炳曾到大府去述职,旁县的人纷纷聚拢来看他,有人说:“我多次听说董县令,无缘一见。今看到董县令也是人,为何明断如神呢?”当时的府臣贪得无厌,向董文炳索取钱物,董文炳拒不肯给。同时有人向府里进谗言诋毁董文炳,府臣便欲加以中伤陷害,董文炳说:“我到死也不会剥削百姓。”说完就辞去官职不干。

董文炳不仅“终不能剥百姓求利”,而且处处为百姓谋利,除上述他冒死罪要百姓聚居-起减少户数,以减轻赋税外,他还多次慷慨地为百姓捐私产。《元史。董文炳传》载:当地十分贫穷,加之干旱,蝗虫肆虐,而朝廷的“征敛日暴”,使得百姓无法生存,董文炳拿出私粮数千石分给百姓,以使百姓的困境有所宽解。又因为前一-任县令“军兴乏用,称贷于人”,而贷家索取利息数倍,县府没办法还贷,欲将百姓的蚕丝和粮食拿来偿还。这时,董文炳站出来说:“百姓实在太困苦了,我现在位当任县令,义不忍视百姓再遭搜刮,由我来代偿吧。”于是将自己的“田、庐若干亩,计值与贷家”,同时“复籍县问田以民为业,使耕之”,使得流离失所的百姓逐渐回来安居乐业,几年后百姓都能吃饱穿暖了。

只做有利于百姓的事情,即使是违犯了朝廷的法令也不在乎,不怕丢官,甚至不怕丢命,“为民获罪,吾所甘心”,贪婪的府臣索贿不成,欲借机加以陷害,董文炳弃官而去,其理由则是至死也不愿为个人的前程去剥夺百姓,满足那些贪官污吏难填的欲壑。

董文炳勇于舍弃前程,给贫民捐粮,他不忍心取百姓的衣食还前任县令的借贷,而是将自己的田地、房舍抵贷,这些都是为苍生百姓着想。不谋私利,不敛钱财。为民请命,体察民情,在世俗官吏的眼中董文炳没有为官一-任,富己一人,是大大的糊涂,但百姓没有忘记这样的糊涂。

董文炳领兵进人福建后对百姓秋毫无犯,《元史。董文炳传》有记载:“文炳进兵所过,禁士马无敢履践田麦,曰:‘在仓者,吾既食之;在野者,汝又践之,新邑之民,何以续命。’是以南人感之,不忍以兵相向。”后来,“闽人感文炳德最深,高而祀之”。百姓和历史都会记住这样的良吏。

在名利享受上不争先,不分外;在德业修为上时时提高,是个人走向品德高尚的具体表现。

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